Dutch environmental costs by theme, 1985-2002
Most environmental expenditure goes to the environmental themes of Waste management and Toxic and hazardous substances.
Environmental costs in the period 1995-2002
Between 1995 and 2002, overall environmental costs rose by approximately EUR 2 billion. This rise was due mainly to extra environmental expenditure by central government and extensions to waste incineration plants.
Contributions of environmental themes to environmental costs
Most of the total environmental expenditure went on the environmental themes of Waste management and Toxic and hazardous substances. Environmental costs for the Waste management theme are primarily related to sewage and the collection and processing of waste. Environmental costs for the Toxic and hazardous substances theme are primarily related to the treatment of wastewater and costs associated with a number of measures for reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) as part of the Hydrocarbons 2000 project.
- See also the indicator Dutch environmental costs by target sector, 1985-2002
Technical note
In accordance with the Environmental Costs Methodology, the interest rate (that is used to calculate the annual cost of capital for investment) is determined on the basis of the actual capital market rate (Hanemaaijer and Dirkx, 2001). The interest rate therefore varies in time with the capital market rate. High inflation in 2001 meant that the actual capital market rate was low compared to other years. As a result, the calculated interest costs of investments in 2001 were clearly lower than in preceding and subsequent years. That is the reason for the dip in overall environmental costs in 2001.
References
- Hanemaaijer, A.H. and M.C.A.P. Dirkx (2001). MONNIE 2000: Milieukostenmodel RIVM. RIVM (report no. 773 401 003), Bilthoven.
Relevant sections and indicators in the Environmental Data Compendium
- Guide to 'Financial instruments' section
- Guide to 'Costs and financing environmental management' section
- Dutch environmental costs by target sector, 1985-2002
- Environmental costs in the Netherlands by target sector and theme, 1985 - 2002
- Guide to Environmental theme of Waste management
- Guide to Environmental theme of Toxic and hazardous substances
- Guide to 'Waste management measures' section
- Guide to societal developments relating to Actors in the water chain
Relevant information outside of the Environmental Data Compendium
- CBS (2003a). Milieukosten van het verkeer. Statistics Netherlands, Voorburg/Heerlen.
- CBS (2003a). Statline. Kosten en financiering van het milieubeheer. Statistics Netherlands, Voorburg/Heerlen.
- CBS (2003b). Statline. Milieukosten van bedrijven. Statistics Netherlands, Voorburg/Heerlen.
- CE (1996). Kosten en milieu-effecten van technische maatregelen in het verkeer. Centrum voor energiebesparing en schone technologie, Delft.
- LEI-DLO (1999). Milieukosten gewasbescherming door de land- en tuinbouw. Agricultural Economic Institute, The Hague.
- TME (1997). Achtergronddocument overheidsuitgaven en overdrachten. Institute for Applied Environmental Economics, The Hague
- More information about monitoring and evaluation of waste management can be obtained from the Waste Management Council (AOO), Utrecht.
