The tawny pipit and active dunes
One of the reasons for the decline of the tawny pipit is the dwindling of the area of active inland dunes.

Trends
Small numbers of tawny pipits occur in sandy heathland and active dunes. In the 1950s and 1960s there were still several dozen pairs of tawny pipit in Limburg and Noord-Brabant, but since then the area of distribution has continued to shrink; the total population is currently only 20-25 breeding pairs. Nowadays tawny pipits occur only on the active dunes of the Veluwe, such as Kootwijkerzand and Harskampse Zand.
Causes
One cause of the decline is the decrease in the area of active dunes. The active dunes that remain are becoming less suitable because of grass encroachment, the spread of the invasive heath star moss (Campylopus introflexus) and the recreational use of the dunes.
The tawny pipit is on the Red List of birds.



